papa

s. Proper name of the wife of Akea or Wakea; they are represented as the ancestors of the Hawaiian race. NOTE.—The o is no part of the word, it is only o emphatic, yet it is sometimes so written. See PAPA. vi., To blow, as the wind; to sound, echo; to shine, as sun or moon. 1. n., A word applied in general to any flat surface. 2. n., A rank, class, order, sect or group. 3. n., The fabled mother of the islands and of their first inhabitant s. She was the wife of Akea or Wakea.See Opapa. Na Papa ka haku akea o Lono. adj., Old; ancient; pertaining to former times; pertaining to rank or to ancestry.

Associations: Papa is the earth mother, embodying the essence of the land, soil, and foundation upon which all life thrives. Also known as Haumea and Ka-luahine, Papa is revered as the nurturing force that sustains and nurtures all living beings. As the consort of Wakea and the counterpart to his celestial nature, Papa represents the earthly counterpart to his celestial nature, complementing Wakea's divine influence with her grounded and nurturing presence.

Forms and Attributes: Papa's forms include the majestic mountains, verdant valleys, and diverse landscapes that characterize the Hawaiian islands. She is the embodiment of the earth's fertility and abundance, providing sustenance and shelter to all living creatures. Papa's nurturing embrace extends to the depths of the underworld, where she fosters growth and renewal in the realm of the unseen.

Pule (Prayer) for Papa: "Papa, earth mother and sustainer, we honor your nurturing presence. Bless us with fertile soil and abundant harvests, and may your strength ground us in times of need. E ala mai, Papa!"

In reverence to Papa, Hawaiians offer prayers seeking blessings for the fertility and abundance of the land, acknowledging her vital role in nurturing and sustaining all life on the islands.

Wākea

n., The mythical ancestor of all Hawaiians.

Associations: Wakea is the sky father, associated with the celestial realm and the prevailing deity among the gods and goddesses of nature. His essence encompasses the vast expanse of the sky, including the realms of light and heavens. As the celestial patriarch, Wakea holds a pivotal role in Hawaiian cosmology, overseeing the cosmic balance and interconnection between the earthly and celestial realms.

Kinolau (Forms): Wakea's kinolau, or physical manifestations, symbolize his celestial nature and divine influence:

• ʻŌhiʻa Lehua: Reflecting the harmonious union of the sky and earth, representing the connection between the heavenly and earthly realms.

• Kalo (Taro): Symbolizing the symbiotic relationship between land and water, highlighting Wakea's role in fostering balance and abundance in nature.

• Kukui Nut Tree: Associated with Wakea's cosmic relationship, signifying the celestial guidance and wisdom that he imparts to the earthly realm. These forms serve as tangible expressions of Wakea's divine presence and his overarching influence in shaping the natural world.

Pule (Prayer) for Wakea: "Wakea, celestial patriarch, we honor your divine guidance. Bless us with harmony between earth and sky, and may your wisdom illuminate our paths. E ala mai, Wakea!"

In reverence to Wakea, Hawaiians offer prayers seeking blessings for the harmonious balance between the celestial and earthly realms, acknowledging his pivotal role in shaping and nurturing the natural world.

Hina

s., Name of a goddess. See Hinahele. vi., To blow in a straight course, of wind.nvs., To fall, tumble, or topple over from an upright position (cf. hāʻule, to drop); to be “controlled,” as a disease (Kam. 64:102); to fall morally; to throw down; a falling (a loaʻa-type word; see Gram. 4.4).

Hinahele n., The name of the goddess of fishes. She was the wife of Kuula, god of fishermen, and mother of Aiaiakuula. She was one of the Hina class of deities and is often called simply Hina: o Hinahele lau o Kuula na 'kua lawaia, mai Hawaii a Niihau. Hinahele and Kuula are the divinities of fishing from Hawaii to Niihau.

Associations: Hina, daughter of Na' wahine and Kane, and wife of Kū, embodies the feminine aspect of Kū and is revered as the goddess of the moon in Hawaiian mythology. She holds a prominent role in facilitating the process of physiological healing, particularly in situations where Kū is invoked as the presiding deity of Heiau. Hina's presence is invoked to bring about balance and harmony, harnessing the nurturing and illuminating energies associated with the lunar cycle.

Kinolau (Forms): Hina's kinolau, or physical manifestations, reflect her association with the moon and its various aspects, including:

• Fish : as it regultes their feeding patterns and route

• Kalo (Taro): Symbolizing the phases of the moon, reflecting the cyclical nature of life and growth.

• ʻŌhiʻa Lehua: Representing the soft, silver glow of the moon's light, evoking a sense of enchantment and mystery.

• Kukui Nut Tree: Associated with moonlight, symbolizing Hina's nurturing and illuminating presence. These forms symbolize Hina's connection to the celestial realm and her influence over the tides and cycles of life.

Pule (Prayer): "Hina, moon goddess shining bright, tides and cycles in your care, illuminate our paths of wisdom as we honor your lunar grace. E ala mai, Hina!"

In reverence to Hina, Hawaiians seek her guidance and blessings, recognizing her role in bringing about healing, balance, and enlightenment. Through rituals and prayers, they honor her luminous presence and invoke her wisdom to navigate life's journey under the gentle glow of the moon.

Kapo

A fabled goddess said to be related to Pele, and to be a sister of Kalaipahoa. See Kahuilaokalani.
(kă-hū-ī'-lă-ō-kă-lă'-ni) Ka, the, huila, lightning flash, o, of, ka lani, heaven or heavens. The lightning flash of the heavens.]
1. One of the names of Kalaipahoa, supposed to be a god from a foreign country, who entered the nioi, a tree on Lanai and Molokai, hence,
2. The tree called by his name; it is very poisonous. (Ancient natives invested the lightning with a divinity.)

Associations: Kapo, daughter of Na' wahine and Kane, and wife of Kanaloa, embodies the feminine aspect of Kanaloa and is revered as a goddess of fertility, sorcery, and dark powers. She holds a prominent place among Pele's seven sisters and is celebrated as one of the goddesses of the Hula. Kapo's multifaceted nature encompasses aspects of healing, dance, and transformation, making her a revered figure in Hawaiian mythology.

Kinolau (Forms): Kapo's kinolau, or physical manifestations, reflect her associations with fertility, sorcery, and mystical powers. These include:

• Taro: Symbolizing abundance and sustenance in Hawaiian culture.

• Bamboo: Renowned for its rapid growth and resilience, embodying Kapo's vitality and strength.

• Awa: Utilized for medicinal purposes, representing Kapo's healing abilities. These forms serve as conduits for Kapo's divine energy, connecting her with the natural world and the mysteries of life.

Other Forms: Kapo is strongly associated with several stories involving Pele and is sometimes referred to as Kapo-ʻula-kīnaʻu, meaning "red eel woman" or "the sacred night streaked with dark." Her influence extends to healing, dance, and transformation, symbolized by her association with the hula, night-blooming flowers, and rainbows. Kapo is also linked with the moon and its phases, representing the cyclical nature of life and the transformative power of darkness and light.

Pule (Prayer): "Kapo, dark goddess of power, keeper of secrets and magic, grant us strength and intuition as we dance through life's mysteries. E ala mai, Kapo!"

In reverence to Kapo, Hawaiians honor her role as a guardian of the mystical arts, seeking her guidance and protection as they navigate the complexities of existence. Through dance, ritual, and reverence, they honor Kapo's transformative presence, celebrating the sacred union of darkness and light within the realm of the divine feminine.

NaWahine (Uli-Uli)

s. A female in distinction from kane, male. 2. A woman; a wife. The term is applied to men and animals, and when applied to animals it merely marks the feminine gender. In grammar, ano wahine, feminine gender. Wahine, he mea ia e nani ai ke kane, he lei alii maikai no ke kane, woman, she gives honor to the man, she is a crown of beauty for the husband.adj., Feminine; like a woman: leo wahine, having the voice of a woman.

Associations: Na' wahine, also known as Uliuli or Uli, is the heavenly daughter of Keawe, manifested from Io's divine essence. She is revered as the consort of Kane, embodying the highest manifestation of universal feminine energy. Uli is celebrated as the Goddess of Serenity and is deeply associated with magic, healing, and nature. She holds a pivotal role in Hawaiian mythology as the mother of Kanaloa, Ku, and Lono, the first three sons of Kane. Additionally, she is honored as the mother of three daughters: Tapo, Hina, and Laka, who wed Kanaloa, Ku, and Lono respectively. Uli's divine presence symbolizes the nurturing and life-giving qualities inherent in the feminine energy, essential for the sustenance and vitality of existence.

Offerings: Offerings dedicated to Uli often include symbolic items representing healing, nature, and transformation. These offerings are made with reverence and gratitude for Uli's ancient wisdom and mystical powers.

Pule (Prayer): "O Uli, mystical healer, we honor your ancient wisdom. Grant us healing, connection to nature, and the magic of transformation. E hoʻomākaukau i ka mālama!" (Translation: "Prepare the care!")

Kinolau (Forms): Uli's kinolau, or physical manifestations, encompass various plants and natural elements associated with magic, healing, and transformation, including:

• ʻAʻaliʻi plant

• Lama tree

• Maile vine These forms symbolize Uli's connection to the healing power of nature and her ability to facilitate spiritual transformation.

Other Forms: Uli is also linked with rainbows and the healing properties of plants, further highlighting her role as a mystical healer and guardian of nature.

Additional Information:

• Uli is a goddess of sorcery, healing, and transformation, revered for her ancient wisdom and magical abilities.

• Her lesser-known counterpart is associated with darkness, depths, and mysteries, embodying the hidden realms and secrets of the universe.

• Uli's forms are often tied to the underworld, deep forests, and hidden realms, where her influence permeates the unseen forces of nature.

• The vine ʻieʻie (Freycinetia arborea) is closely associated with Uli, symbolizing darkness, depths, and mysteries, and serving as a physical embodiment of her enigmatic essence.

ULI NANA PONO Adapted from Julius Rodman, 1970

Uli, also known as Uliuli, stands as the revered goddess, wife to the creator Eli Eli, thus holding the esteemed position of our Heavenly Mother.

Throughout ancient Hawaii, Uli was hailed by various titles, each reflecting her divine attributes. Some priests and priestesses referred to her as "Uli a na na," signifying "The peaceful Flame of Serenity," or as "A Na I Malu," translating to "The Infinite Serene Flame of Love and Protection." She was universally recognized as "Kahuna ao Na Wahine," "The Serene Woman," "The Lady of Peace," or simply, "Goddess of Serenity" and "Goddess of Peace." Many regarded her as "Na Wahine o Na Lani," "The Peaceful Lady," "The Queen of Peace," and "The Serene Woman of the Tranquil Heavens."

To the High Priests, Uli was hailed as "Na Wahine o ke ao," "The Resplendent Lady of the Sky," embodying attributes such as "The Lady of Light," "The Lady of Wisdom," and "The Lady of Enlightenment." High Priestesses bestowed upon her the title of "Kea Kea Lani Wahine," "The Heavenly Goddess of the Cross of White Light." Temple Priests, with reverence, addressed her by her consecrated name, "Na na I A E." Only those attaining the highest spiritual enlightenment dared to address her as "Ka Wahine Ke La," signifying "The Lady That" or "The Goddess That," with "Ke la" holding esoteric meaning as "The Sun."

Uli symbolized the female generative force of the Sun, hence the title "Ka Wahine Ke La." Across various Eastern religions, the Supreme Being is often referred to as "That," echoing Moses' encounter with God in Genesis where He declares, "I am That I am." Ancient Egyptians revered Ra as the Spiritual Being behind the Sun, reflected in the modern Hawaiian pronunciation "La." The origins of "amen" trace back to "Amen-Ra" in ancient Egyptian theology. These beliefs, deeply rooted in the sacred teachings of the Holy Mu of Ka Lua, suggest that Hawaiians derived their spiritual philosophy from this ancient source.

As the mother of gods and goddesses, Uli played a pivotal role in Hawaiian mythology. She released the Living Water, essential for life, and was revered as "the goddess with the discerning eye," perceiving all that unfolded on Earth. Known as "Uli Nana Pono," she beheld all justice and righteousness, ensuring that no injustice escaped her vigilant gaze.

Even after the abolition of traditional Hawaiian religion in 1819, Uli remained a powerful and revered figure. The destruction of temples and wooden symbols did not diminish her divine presence, as she transcended mortal destruction. A growing belief among modern Hawaiians suggests that Uli awaits the day when her children will once again honor her, allowing her to bestow blessings upon them as she did for countless generations before.

I'o

n., The bearer. The word is used by itself or compounded with other words.

Io, also known as Io Keawe or IAO, is revered as the unmanifest infinite source of creation in Hawaiian cosmology. Before the dawn of time, Io existed, emanating Mana, the divine life force that permeates all existence. Mana is omnipresent, infusing every living entity with the power to thrive and exist. From the depths of the Po, the primordial darkness, Io breathed forth Mana, initiating the process of creation. According to Leinani Melville, Io uttered the sacred word "Ola" into the void, setting in motion the genesis of the universe, symbolized by the emergence of the Kaukahi, the flaming cross of light. Io predates the emergence of other major Hawaiian gods, such as Ku, Lono, Kane, and Kanaloa. Despite this primacy, the Hawaiian people gradually transitioned their religious focus towards the Aumakua system and later towards the four main gods, facilitated by the establishment of systems like Pa'ao.

Kinolau:
Io transcends the concept of kinolau, existing as the supreme deity beyond specific physical manifestations. Unlike other gods in Hawaiian mythology, Io is not associated with a particular form in nature. Instead, Io is revered as the creator of all life and the ultimate source of divine power, permeating the cosmos with its boundless essence.

Other Forms:
Depictions of Io vary, often portraying Io as a radiant bird of light or as an abstract, formless energy. However, these representations merely scratch the surface of Io's true nature, which transcends physical forms and embodies profound spiritual significance.

Pule for Io

O Io, supreme creator,

Source of all life and light,

Guide us with your wisdom,

Illuminate our paths.

E ala mai, Io!

- ʻIo is a pivotal concept in Hawaiian spirituality, symbolizing the Supreme Being or the divine source.

- The term "akua" (god) shares cognates with similar concepts in other Pacific languages, underscoring the interconnectedness of divine beings across diverse cultures.

- The endemic Hawaiian hawk, known as ʻio, serves as a representation of Io in the natural world, further emphasizing the reverence accorded to Io within Hawaiian culture.

Kanaloa

1. A major god., brother of Kane. See kukanaloa. 2. A species of fish. Same as pakaiele. 3. Security; firmness; the state of being immovable.

Associations: Kanaloa, son of Na' wahine and Kane, is revered as the ruler of the oceans and the underworld in Hawaiian mythology. As the guardian of the seas, Kanaloa governs marine life and guides seafarers through the vast expanse of the ocean. He holds dominion over Mana, channeling the divine life force from Io to Kane and then to himself. In times of adversity, Kanaloa is invoked to alleviate disease and disperse malevolent forces. Despite misconceptions propagated by Christian missionaries, who equated Kanaloa with the devil, traditional beliefs uphold his sacred status as a benevolent deity, integral to the spiritual and cultural fabric of Hawaiian society.

Offerings: Sailors offer gifts to Kanaloa before embarking on voyages, including pigs, coconuts, feathers, and red kapa cloth. These offerings symbolize reverence and gratitude for Kanaloa's protection and guidance during their maritime endeavors. Prayers are offered for safe journeys and abundant catches, seeking Kanaloa's blessings for fruitful seas.

Pule (Prayer): "O Kanaloa, guardian of the ocean, we honor your vast domain. Keep us safe on our voyages, grant us fruitful seas, and connect us to the mysteries of the deep. E hoʻomalu iā mākou!" (Translation: "Protect us!")

Kinolau (Forms): Kanaloa's kinolau encompass a diverse array of marine creatures and natural elements associated with the ocean and the underworld, including:

• Dolphins and whales: Symbolizing the vastness and vitality of the ocean.

• Bananas: Representing abundance and fertility.

• Squid: Signifying transformation and adaptability. These forms illustrate the profound connection between Kanaloa and the natural world, where every plant and creature embodies his divine essence.

Other Forms: In addition to marine creatures, Kanaloa is associated with land forms such as the banana plant and other medicinal plants, further highlighting his influence over both terrestrial and aquatic realms. The vastness of the ocean itself serves as a manifestation of Kanaloa's divine presence, symbolizing his boundless power and wisdom.

In reverence to Kanaloa, Hawaiians recognize the interconnectedness of all life within the oceanic realm, seeking harmony and protection under his benevolent watch.

Kāne

Kane (kā'-ne), n. 1. The male of the animal species; opposite to wahine, female. 2. A husband. 3. An eruption or formation of whitish flakes on the skin. 4. One of the more distinguished heathen gods of the ancient Hawaiians, also called Kane-i-ka-wai-ola, Kane of the Living Water. 5. A certain day in each month set apart for the worship of the god, Kane.

Kāne

Associations: Kāne, also known as Elieli, Eli, Kane Ulu Lani, or Kane Nui Akea, is revered as one of the creators of life on Earth, born from the divine emanation of Mana sent forth by Io. Kāne is intricately linked with creation, life, and light, symbolizing the generative forces of the universe. Alongside Na' wahine, Kāne resides in the celestial abode known as the House of the Sun (Hale a ka La), dwelling in harmony within the radiant embrace of the sun's rays. As the primordial lord of the sun, Kāne assumes various forms, including Kane-hekili, the thunder god, and manifests in natural phenomena such as the Taro root, characterized by its regal purple hue. Represented by an uncarved upright stone, Kāne embodies the formless essence of divine power, transcending mortal comprehension.

Offerings: Offerings dedicated to Kāne are made in sacred spaces, including temples and outdoor sanctuaries, symbolizing reverence and gratitude for the sustenance and vitality bestowed upon life. Fresh fruits, vibrant flowers, and symbolic items evoking life and fertility are presented as offerings, honoring Kāne's role as the creator and sustainer of existence.

Pule (Prayer): "O Kāne, creator of life, we honor your divine power. Bless us with abundance, growth, and vitality. May our actions reflect the interconnectedness of all living things. E ola nā mea a pau!" (Translation: "May all things thrive!")

Kinolau: Kāne's realm encompasses flowing and upwelling water, reflected in his kinolau, or physical manifestations. These include plants and natural elements reliant on water for growth and vitality, such as:

• Taro: A staple food in Hawaiian culture, symbolizing sustenance and fertility.

• Bamboo: Renowned for its rapid growth and resilience, embodying Kāne's vitality.

• Awa: Utilized for medicinal purposes, representing Kāne's healing powers.

Other Forms: Kāne's influence extends to diverse facets of nature, including spring water, sunlight, coral, and elemental phenomena like lightning and rainbows. In the plant kingdom, Kāne manifests in:

• ʻIeʻIe (Freycinetia arborea): A vine found in forests, symbolizing Kāne's presence in lush, verdant environments.

• ʻŌhiʻa Lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha): The vibrant red flowers of the ʻōhiʻa lehua tree embody Kāne's vitality and beauty.

• ʻUlu (Breadfruit): Legend attributes the emergence of the first breadfruit tree to Kāne's sacrifice, symbolizing nourishment and resilience.

• Niu (Coconut Tree Trunk): The sturdy trunk of the coconut tree represents Kāne's strength and stability.

• Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Fruit: The noni fruit symbolizes Kāne's medicinal properties and nurturing essence.

In every aspect of the natural world, Kāne's presence is felt, echoing the enduring cycle of creation and renewal perpetuated by the divine forces of life.

Kū

1. vs. To stand, stop, halt, anchor, moor; to rise, as dust; to hit, strike, jab; to park, as a car; to alight, as a bird or plane on the ground; to land, as a plane or ship; to stay, remain, exist; to reach, extend, arrive; upright, perpendicular, steep, erect, standing, parked.

Associations: Kū, created by Na' wahine and Kane, is revered as the god of war, prosperity, and strength in Hawaiian mythology. He is also closely linked to agriculture, embodying the power and fertility of the land. Kū is associated with rituals performed for protection and victory in battle, as well as prayers for abundant catches for fishermen. Despite his historical association with war and politics, Kū's complex nature extends beyond mere militarism, encompassing broader concepts of strength, resilience, and prosperity.

Offerings: Offerings dedicated to Kū are often made at Heiau, sacred temples where rituals are performed to invoke his protection and blessings. Prayers are offered for the guidance of warriors, the prosperity of commerce, and the abundance of harvests, seeking Kū's favor and benevolence.

Pule (Prayer): "O Kū, fierce protector and provider, we seek your strength. Guide our warriors, bless our commerce, and ensure bountiful harvests. E hoʻomaikaʻi iā mākou!" (Translation: "Bless us!")

Kinolau (Forms): Kū's kinolau, or physical manifestations, reflect his diverse attributes and associations, including:

• Sharks: Symbolizing aggression and strength, emblematic of Kū's warrior nature.

• Hawks: Representing fierceness and prowess in battle, embodying Kū's martial prowess.

• ʻŌhiʻa Lehua: The native tree sacred to Kū, symbolizing strength, resilience, and vitality.

• Koa: Another sacred tree associated with Kū, representing his power and warrior spirit.

Other Forms: In addition to his kinolau, Kū is believed to embody various plants and natural elements in the Hawaiian landscape, including:

• ʻIeʻIe (Freycinetia arborea): A vine symbolizing Kū's vitality and strength.

• ʻUlu (Breadfruit): Representing abundance and fertility, shared with other deities like Kāne.

• Niu (Coconut Tree Trunk): Symbolizing strength and resilience, indicative of Kū's martial prowess and protective nature.

• Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Fruit: Representing Kū's connection to the healing properties of nature and his role as a protector and provider.

In reverence to Kū, Hawaiians honor his multifaceted nature, seeking his guidance and protection in times of conflict and adversity, while also acknowledging his role in fostering prosperity and abundance in daily life. Through rituals, prayers, and offerings, they pay homage to Kū's enduring legacy as a guardian of the land and its people.

lono

1. n., News, report, tidings, remembrance (Kanl. 32.26), rumor (sometimes formerly preceded by ke). hoʻolono Caus/sim.; To listen, hear, obey; obedient, attentive 2.s., Name of one of the four great gods of the Hawaiian Islands; . n., The twenty-eighth day of the month in the ancient Hawaiian calendar: o kakahiaka ae, o Lono ia la.

Associations: Lono, son of Na' wahine and Kane, and husband of Laka, embodies the attributes of learning, intellect, and freedom in Hawaiian mythology. He is revered as the god of agriculture, fertility, and peace, presiding over natural phenomena such as rain and winter storms. Lono's diverse aspects include Lono-i-ka-makahiki, the god of the freedom of the end of the year, and Lono-makua, who starts fire with a staff called pahoa, symbolizing his connection to culinary arts and sustenance. As the lord of the east, Lono holds a pivotal role in Hawaiian cosmology, guiding the cycle of growth, abundance, and renewal.

Offerings: Rituals and prayers offered at Heiau, sacred temples, seek Lono's blessings for agricultural endeavors and peace. Offerings typically include food, flowers, and items associated with farming, symbolizing gratitude and reverence for Lono's role in sustaining life and fostering harmony within the community.

Pule (Prayer): "O Lono, provider of sustenance, we honor your role in our lives. Bless our crops, bring rain to our fields, and grant us peace. E hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻai!" (Translation: "Prepare the food!")

Kinolau (Forms): Lono's kinolau, or physical manifestations, encompass a diverse array of native plants and natural elements associated with agriculture, fertility, and peace, including:

• ʻŌhiʻa Lehua: Symbolizing vitality and abundance, reflecting Lono's connection to agriculture and fertility.

• ʻIeʻie: A climbing plant representing Lono's presence in the natural environment.

• Hala Pepe: A type of screwpine symbolizing Lono's influence over agricultural abundance and prosperity.

• Maile: A fragrant vine associated with fertility and blessings in Hawaiian culture.

• Palapalai: A native fern representing Lono's connection to the lush, verdant landscape of Hawai'i.

Other Forms: Lono's diverse forms also include:

• ʻUala (Sweet Potato): Reflecting his connection to agriculture and sustenance.

• Ipu (Gourd Plant): Symbolizing fertility and abundance.

• Kukui (Candlenut Tree): Embodying Lono's essence and providing valuable resources for sustenance.

• ʻAmaʻu (Fern) and Hāpuʻu (Tree Fern): Representing Lono's presence in wet environments and his role in fostering biodiversity.

• Maiʻa Hinupuaʻa (Hinupuaʻa Banana): A banana variety associated with Lono's diverse forms, symbolizing fertility and abundance.

In reverence to Lono, Hawaiians honor his multifaceted nature, seeking his guidance and blessings for agricultural prosperity, sustenance, and peace within their communities. Through rituals, prayers, and offerings, they express gratitude for Lono's benevolent presence and his role in nurturing life on the islands.

Laka

n. The goddess of hula and maile. 1. vs., vt., Tame, domesticated, gentle, docile; attracted to, fond of; to tame, domesticate, attract. hoʻolaka Caus/sim.; To tame, domesticate; to treat with kindness, as a child or animal, so as to familiarize with one.

Associations: Laka, daughter of Na' wahine and Kane, and wife of Lono, holds a revered place in Hawaiian mythology as the guardian and patroness of hula. She embodies the essence of beauty, fertility, and artistic expression, nurturing the sacred art of hula and infusing it with grace, harmony, and spiritual significance. As one of Pele's prominent sisters and a major deity of the Hula, Laka's presence is integral to the cultural and spiritual fabric of Hawai'i.

Attributes and Symbolism: Laka's attributes and symbolism encompass:

• Beauty: Reflecting grace and harmony, both physically and in the movements of hula.

• Fertility: Associated with the nurturing and abundant qualities of nature, fostering growth and vitality.

• Arts: Patroness of hula and artistic expression, inspiring creativity and cultural preservation through dance and performance.

Kinolau (Forms): Laka's kinolau, or physical manifestations, include:

• ʻŌhiʻa Lehua: Symbolizing the grace and elegance of hula dancers, evoking the spirit of movement and expression.

• Lehua Blossoms: Representing beauty and the rhythmic flow of dance, adorning performers and enriching hula rituals.

• Kukui Nut Tree: Associated with hula rituals and ceremonies, symbolizing Laka's presence and influence during performances. These forms embody Laka's connection to hula and the natural world, enriching the cultural landscape of Hawai'i with their symbolic significance.

Pule (Prayer): "Laka, hula's graceful muse, dance within our hearts and souls. Bless our movements, chants, and lei, as we celebrate life's rhythms. E ala mai, Laka!"

In reverence to Laka, practitioners of hula seek her inspiration and guidance, acknowledging her role as the guardian of hula and the embodiment of its sacred traditions. Through prayers and rituals, they honor Laka's enduring legacy and seek her blessings to infuse their performances with authenticity, beauty, and spiritual depth.

Ē Laka ē … e laka i ka leo, e laka i ka loaʻa, e laka i ka waiwai (UL 34),
O Laka, attract the voice, attract profit, attract wealth.

Pele

1. nvs., Lava flow, volcano, eruption; volcanic (named for the volcano goddess, Pele).2. A volcano; he ahi ai honua, a fire consuming the earth; I neia wa, ua pio ka nui o na pele; i ka wa kahiko, he pele no ma Maui, at the present time the greater number of volcanoes are extinct; in ancient times there was a volcano also on Maui.

Associations: Pele, revered as the powerful goddess of fire, lightning, and volcanoes in Hawaiian indigenous religion, holds a central place in Hawaiian mythology. Known as Madame Pele, Tutu Pele, or Ka wahine ʻai honua (the earth-eating woman), she is both feared and respected for her immense creative and destructive power. Legend has it that Pele is the creator of the Hawaiian Islands, shaping the landscape through volcanic eruptions.

Origins and Legends: According to myth, Pele was born in Tahiti but faced banishment due to her fiery temper and indiscretions. She journeyed to the Hawaiian Islands, where she engaged in a fierce battle with her sister, resulting in her transformation into a god. Pele then made her home on Mauna Kea, where she continues to reside as the guardian of the volcanoes.

Symbolism: Pele embodies various symbolic meanings:

• Beauty: Reflecting beauty, both physically and in the movements of the hula dance, symbolizing the captivating allure of volcanic landscapes.

• Fertility: Associated with the nurturing and abundant qualities of nature, fostering growth and renewal through volcanic activity.

• Arts: Patroness of hula and artistic expression, inspiring creativity and cultural enrichment through her volcanic creations.

Kinolau (Forms): Pele's kinolau, or physical manifestations, include:

• ʻŌhiʻa Lehua: Representing volcanic activity and the fiery eruptions that shape the land.

• Lehua Blossoms: Associated with volcanic eruptions, symbolizing Pele's fiery nature and transformative power.

• Lava: Symbolizing the intense heat and creative force of Pele, shaping the Hawaiian landscape through volcanic activity.

Pule (Prayer): "Pele, fiery goddess of volcanoes, shaper of land and molten passion. Guard our homes and sacred places, as we honor your creative force. E ala mai, Pele!"

In reverence to Pele, Hawaiians offer prayers seeking her protection and blessings, acknowledging her as the divine force that both creates and renews the land through volcanic activity. Through rituals and offerings, they honor Pele's fiery nature and seek her guidance in navigating the powerful forces of nature.

Pele and the Hibiscus in Hawaiian Mythology

Pele: The Volcano Goddess

Pele, one of the most revered deities in Hawaiian mythology, is the goddess of fire, lightning, wind, and volcanoes. She is known for her passionate, volatile nature and is believed to reside in the Halemaʻumaʻu crater of Kīlauea on the Big Island of Hawai'i. Pele's influence is evident in the volcanic activity that shapes the Hawaiian landscape, and she is often invoked in tales of creation and destruction.

Hibiscus (Kokiʻo ʻUla): A Symbol of Pele

The red hibiscus, known as kokiʻo ʻula in Hawaiian, is one of Pele's kinolau—physical manifestations or forms that deities can take. The red color of the hibiscus is symbolic of Pele's fiery spirit and volcanic activity. It represents her beauty, strength, and the passionate energy she embodies.

In Hawaiian culture, the hibiscus is not only associated with Pele but also holds broader significance as a symbol of delicate beauty and the fleeting nature of life, as hibiscus flowers often bloom for just a short time.

Cultural Significance

The connection between Pele and the hibiscus highlights the deep relationship between the natural world and the divine in Hawaiian spirituality. This relationship underscores a reverence for nature and the belief that the gods manifest in various natural forms, imbuing the environment with sacred meaning.

References

1. "Hawaiian Mythology" by Martha Warren Beckwith

   • This comprehensive book delves into various aspects of Hawaiian mythology, including the stories and significance of deities like Pele.

2. "Pele: Goddess of Hawaii's Volcanoes" by Herb Kawainui Kane

   • A detailed exploration of Pele's mythology, her significance in Hawaiian culture, and her various kinolau.

3. "Ka Po'e Mo'o Akua" by Marie Alohalani Brown

   • This book provides insight into Hawaiian spirituality and the concept of mana, which can be related to the understanding of deities like Pele and their manifestations.

4. Hawaiian Legends and Folklore

   • Various collections of Hawaiian legends and folklore also contain numerous stories about Pele and her manifestations, including the hibiscus.

Online Resources

• Hawaiian Encyclopedia

  • An online resource with detailed entries on Hawaiian deities, mythology, and cultural practices.

• Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Website

  • Provides educational material on Pele, her significance, and the natural phenomena associated with her.

kino lau

n. Many forms taken by a supernatural body, as Pele, who could at will become a flame of fire, a young girl, or an old hag.

“Native species were not treated as just biological elements, but recognized as kino lau”. (Sam Gon; Kumupaʻa; 199)

According to the theory underlying Hawaiian natural philosophy, all natural phenomena, objects and creatures, were bodily forms assumed by nature gods or nature spirits.

Rain clouds, hogs, gourds, and sweet potatoes were ‘bodies’ of the god Lono. Taro, sugar cane, and bamboo were bodies of the god Kane.

Bananas, squid, and some other forms of marine life were bodies of Kanaloa. The coconut, breadfruit, and various forest trees were bodies of Ku. (Handy & Handy with Pukui)

Kino lau are the multiple manifestations of akua, Hawaiian ancestors. Protocol, conducting oneself in an appropriate manner, was a part of everyday life. Permission was asked of plants (kino lau) and of the associated akua to utilize resources.

“While there is no record of Hawaiians planting native trees for the purpose of forest reforestation or restoration of native vegetation, protocol has been recorded that indicates that native trees such as koa, ʻōhiʻa and lama were not casually handled.”

“Depending on the purpose of handling, protocol specific to major appropriate gods would be practiced (i.e., to Kū for ʻōhiʻa, to Lea for canoe trees, to Laka for lama dedicated to the kuahu (altar of the hula hālau (hula school.)” (Sam Gon; Kumupaʻa)

Pukui and Elbert described kino lau as “the many forms [that might be] taken by a supernatural body.” It is derived from the words kino, meaning “form or embodiment,” and lau, meaning “many.”

Some believe that virtually every plant species known to the Hawaiians was considered kino lau of some spirit or deity. This concept helped to link the Hawaiian people to their gods.

Kinolau, are various forms or embodiments representing different aspects of the gods power and influence, revealing the deep reverence Hawaiians hold for the natural world and its interconnectedness with spirituality and culture.

In their ancestral worldview, the divine permeates everything, and everything embodies the divine.

Kino lau, translates to "many bodies" - the myriad forms of the 400,000 gods comprising the Hawaiian pantheon. Every aspect of nature, from plants and animals to clouds and ocean currents, embodies a god.

"There is a connection between the characteristics of the god and the kino lau," explains Hokulani Holt, a respected kumu hula (hula teacher) and Hawaiian cultural expert. For instance, Kāne, one of the four primary Hawaiian gods, associated with flowing water, has kino lau represented by water-bearing entities or water-dependent plants like taro and bamboo.

However, kino lau are intricate, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the gods. For example, when Kū, the god of war, is invoked, the shark represents one of his forms due to its aggressive nature.

Divine mutability accounts for Hawaiians recognizing 4 gods, but also 40, 400, and 400,000. Kino lau is a term encompassing the intricate relationship between Hawaiians and the natural world.

Holt illustrates how Hawaiians interact with gods through kino lau using hula as an example. Before performing, dancers adorn themselves and the hula altar with kino lau, typically plants associated with Laka, the essence of hula.

When non-Hawaiians came to power, hula was often relegated to mere entertainment, but it's fundamentally a spiritual practice. Before dancers adorn themselves, they must understand the story and poetry they're portraying, as poetry serves as an intellectual connection to the kino lau.

Kino lau extends beyond rituals, embodying a way of life enabling Hawaiians to thrive for centuries. Understanding kino lau fosters respect for the environment, crucial for agrarian societies like ancient Hawai‘i.

For instance, bananas are offered to Kanaloa, the god of the deep ocean. A fisherman wouldn't bring bananas on a canoe, as it's believed Kanaloa would take his offering and cause the canoe to sink.

In traditional Hawaiian society, everyone possessed basic knowledge of various aspects of life, while specialists delved deeper, fostering a cohesive culture.

Akua Kinolau

Kanaloa uhaloa, awa, water birds, banana, squid, some marine life

Kane flowing water, water-bearing entities
water-dependent plants like taro, sugarcane and bamboo,
popolo, awa, awapuhi, ki, ko

Ku shark, coconut, breadfruit, and various forest trees

Lono ipu, kukui, Rain clouds, hogs, gourds, and sweet potatoes

Pele flame, fire,lava, young lady, old hag

Laka